Revising the Roles of Management in Participatory Design

Revising the Roles of Management in Participatory Design: "Interactive management (IM) emerged conceptually from work by Warfield (1976) and Christakis (1973), and has been developed by them in collaboration with other researchers. IM supports a democratic approach toward decision making, and provides structures within which stakeholders can deeply engage all elements of significant design problems. It is similar to PD in its use of multiple group process and decision-making methods as a means of obtained free and unbiased contributions to a group-based solution. It differs from PD in several ways, particularly in its more cognitive orientation toward design, in which participants examine all significant factors affecting their design space in the decision process."